Constipation

Conditions

Constipation is a common condition that is characterized by having extremely infrequent bowel movements or having great difficulty passing stools. Patients who have three or fewer bowel movements in a week are considered constipated, but this can vary from person to person. While this happens to most people from time to time, chronic constipation can cause a great deal of discomfort, and even interfere with daily life, due to the strain it can cause and multiple complications that it can lead to.

Symptoms

Symptoms of the condition vary, but if patients experience two or more of the following for a week, they have constipation. If any of these symptoms persist for three months or longer, they are experiencing chronic constipation:

Bowel movements fewer than three times in one week
Hard and lumpy stool
Straining during bowel movements
A sensation that something is blocking the rectum
A sensation that the rectum is never fully emptied of stool
The patient is “helping” to empty the rectum. For example, they are pressing on their abdomen during bowel movements

There are a variety of factors that can cause the condition, many of which are related to problems in the digestive tract; however, it can also be triggered by lifestyle or dietary changes:

Diet changes, such as a large intake of dairy, or insufficient fiber
Stress
A side effect of medications
Eating disorders
Irritable bowel syndrome
Pregnancy
Issues with muscles in the digestive tract
Issues with nerves in rectum or colon
Colorectal cancer
Neurological conditions, such as Parkinson’s Disease, or Multiple Sclerosis
An underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)
Blockages in the rectum, due to things like anal fissures, colon cancer, or bowel obstruction

Treatment for mild constipation is mostly dietary; keeping hydrated and making a conscious effort to eat more fiber can treat occasional constipation. If symptoms last for three or more months, it is likely severe or chronic constipation and warrants an appointment with a physician.

Depending on severity and cause, a doctor will most likely treat constipation with a simple laxative medication. If the constipation is caused by a blockage in the rectum, treatment may be more complicated, and can even require surgery to correct the issue. However, this is far less common than other treatment options.